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South Mount Hebron: Everywhere the Palestinians are in a very difficult situation

Observers: Muhammad (photography), Daphna Y. (reporting), Orr (guest) Translation: Naomi Halsted
Jun-03-2024
| Morning

Meitar checkpoint: Almost deserted. There are a few cars and trucks but the parking lot is almost empty, which has been the norm since October 7 since workers are not permitted to enter Israel and work here.

Along the roadside, there’s a new IDF observation post.

All the entrance paths to the villages and the surrounding area, which are direct routes, have been blocked with earth or rocks, making every trip lengthy.

Zanuta remains deserted. The villagers are still afraid to return to the homes from which they were evicted even though the court has permitted them to come back.
The son of Faras from Zanuta, who came to the area to graze his flock, was beaten up by settlers and sustained injuries.

We drove on to Susiya to visit Azzam. He said that a team from Medecins sans Frontieres came to visit a few days ago. They come to examine and treat villagers in need of medical assistance. In addition, volunteers from other parts of the world have an apartment in Susiya and they sleep there overnight or with families at risk.

Aggravation by young people from the settlements literally all around Susiya is an everyday occurrence. They come right up to the villagers’ homes and threaten them, pretending to be soldiers in IDF uniform and carrying weapons, and the villagers can’t tell who really are soldiers and who are not.

Azzam is afraid to venture far from home to take his sheep to pasture.  His sons live in the city, a long way from the outposts. There’s no work because, as we’ve said, the Palestinians are forbidden to come into Israel, so they have no livelihood. He sells a sheep from time to time. He doesn’t have much left.

Azzam told us about himself. He was raised by a Jewish family of Holocaust survivors in a moshav. For eight years they treated him like a son. He says it’s hard for him to understand how Jews, young people from the settlements, can be so cruel, so inhumane, and so abusive. He knows other Jews.

Azzam notes that patience is running out for many Palestinians and he’s afraid of an explosion. People are living in a pressure cooker and the pressure needs a release! Internally too, there is pressure on the PA to form a new government.

All the entrances to Hebron, apart from the main one, are still blocked. Enormous detours are necessary to get from place to place – a hassle.

In the fields and orchards, there’s hardly a farmer, herd of cattle or flock of sheep to be seen. People are afraid to venture far from home. And the economy has been severely damaged.

 

  • Hebron

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    • According to Wye Plantation Accords (1997), Hebron is divided in two: H1 is under Palestinian Authority control, H2 is under Israeli control. In Hebron there are 170,000 Palestinian citizens, 60,000 of them in H2. Between the two areas are permanent checkpoints, manned at all hours, preventing Palestinian movement between them and controlling passage of permit holders such as teachers and schoolchildren. Some 800 Jews live in Avraham Avinu Quarter and Tel Rumeida, on Givat HaAvot and in the wholesale market.

       

      Checkpoints observed in H2:

       

      1. Bet Hameriva CP- manned with a pillbox
      2. Kapisha quarter CP (the northern side of Zion axis) - manned with a pillbox
      3. The 160 turn CP (the southern side of Zion axis) - manned with a pillbox
      4. Avraham Avinu quarter - watch station
      5. The pharmacy CP - checking inside a caravan with a magnometer
      6. Tarpat (1929) CP - checking inside a caravan with a magnometer
      7. Tel Rumeida CP - guarding station
      8. Beit Hadassah CP - guarding station

      Three checkpoints around the Tomb of the Patriarchs

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  • Meitar checkpoint / Sansana

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    • Meitar Checkpoint / Sansana The checkpoint is located on the Green Line and serves as a border crossing between Israel and the West Bank. It is managed by the  Border Crossing Authority of the Defense Ministry. It is comprised of sections for the transfer of goods as well as a vehicle checkpoint (intended for holders of blue identity cards, foreign nationals or diplomats and international organizations). Passing of Palestinians is prohibited, except for those with entry permits to Israel. Palestinians  are permitted to cross on foot only. The crossing  has a DCO / DCL / DCL / DCL (District Coordination  Office), a customs unit, supervision, and a police unit. In the last year, a breach has been opened  in the fence, not far from the crossing. This breach is known to all, including the army. There does not appear to be any interest in blocking it, probably as it permits needed Palestinian workers without the bureaucratic permits to get to work in Israel. Food stalls and a parking area economy have been created, but incidents of violent abuse by border police have also been recorded. Updated April 2022
  • Susiya

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    • Susiya The Palestinian area lies between the settlement of Susya and a military base. The residents began to settle in areas outside the villages in the 1830s and lived in caves, tents and sukkot. To this day they maintain a traditional lifestyle and their livelihood is based on agriculture and herding. Until the 1948 war, the farmers cultivated areas that extended to the Arad area. As a result of the war, a significant portion of their land left on the Israeli side was lost. After the 1967 war and the Israeli occupation, military camps were established in the area, fire zones and nature reserves were declared, and the land area was further reduced. The Jewish settlement in Susya began in 1979. Since then, there has been a stubborn struggle to remove the remains of Palestinian residents who refuse to leave their place of birth and move to nearby  town Yatta. With the development of a tourist site in Khirbet Susya in the late 1980s (an ancient synagogue), dozens of families living in caves in its vicinity were deported. In the second half of the 1990s, a new form of settlement developed in the area - shepherds' farms of individual settlers. This phenomenon increased the tension between the settlers and the original, Palestinian residents, and led to repeated harassment of the residents of the farms towards the Palestinians. At the same time, demolition of buildings and crop destruction by security forces continued, as well as water and electricity prevention. In the Palestinian Susya, as in a large part of the villages of the southern Hebron Mountains, there is no running water, but the water pipe that supplies water to the Susya Jewish settlement passes through it. Palestinians have to buy expensive water that comes in tankers. Solar electricity is provided by a collector system, installed with donation funds. But the frequent demolitions in the villages do not spare water cisterns or the solar panels and power poles designed to transfer solar electricity between the villages. Updated April 2021, Anat T.  
  • Zanuta

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    • Zanuta was a small rural Palestinian locality until its demolition. It was situated in the space around the town Dahariya in the South Hebron Hills, about a ten-minute ride from Meitar Checkpoint. There are documented remains of a large Byzantine settlement in the area. Since the Ottoman (Turkish Empire) period (1516-1917) Zanuta was documented as a locality of shepherds and farmers who live in the remains of the ancient structures and the residential caves near them.

      Two individual ranches of colonists were created next to Zanuta: Meitarim (of the colonist Yinon Levi) to the east, and Yehudah (of the colonist Elyashiv Nachum) to the north. Endless attacks, harassments and attempt to chase away the Zanuta villagers have originated in these two outposts.

      Until the expulsion, four families lived in the village: A-Samama, Al-Tel, Al Batat, and Al-Qaisia. Farming constituted their main economic activity and employed most of the villagers. The total area of the village is about 12,000 dunams, of which about 3,000 are tended, mostly with field crops.

      This village has never had a master plan that would legitimize construction permits. The Civil Administration claimed it was too small and the distance to the next town, Dahariya, too great. For this reason, the Israeli authorities pressured the villagers to leave. The colonists did the job for them.

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